Coulomb scan: ligand × binding-site atoms. ε=4 (protein interior),
cutoff 5 Å. Protein charges via pdb2pqr+PROPKA when server running
(start: python3 elec_server.py); falls back to
rule-based estimates offline.
Ligand charges: rule-based (backbone/Asp/Glu O ≈ −0.57–0.80,
amine/amide N ≈ −0.34–0.42, O/N/F/Cl/S by bonding context).
Positive-charge residues (Lys, Arg) show as attractive — not flagged. Note: AutoDock Vina has no Coulomb term — this panel fills that gap.
🔄 3D Conformer
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RDKit ETKDGv3 + MMFF94s conformer via local server.
Start first: python3 conformer_server.py
Falls back to bound PDB conformation if server is off.
⚙ Energy Minimize
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OpenMM AMBER14 + GAFF-2.11 energy minimisation via local server.
Start first: python3 minimize_server.py
Tolerance: 10 kJ/mol/nm, max 500 iterations.
💊 Binding Affinity
Empirical Score
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ChEMBL Experimental Data
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PubChem Similar Compound
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Empirical score from geometry (H-bonds, π–π, hydrophobic, salt bridges).
For ML predictions run locally: Boltz-1 (MIT, open-source) or
DiffDock-Score.